Thursday, September 11, 2008

Intel's processors and the confusion: 32-bit or 64-bit

Hi.It has been long since a post had been made in this blog. Forgive my negligence, those few loyal readers I have (At least, I have).These days were hectic and I too many jobs on hand to be completed and completed well.

This post, was to just comment on Intel’s, well, negligence (!)?

Hmm, I shall start off then.

As we all know pretty well, AMD had released the first 64-bit processor for desktops and Intel, for a long long time laid its bet on its very-successful 32-bit architecture, well known as IA32. However, Intel, of late (well, at least I have come to know it very late) has realized its fallacy and now all (read ALL) of its processors are 32-bit, including those which were released as 32bit initially which includes Pentium 4,Pentium D, Pentium Extreme Edition, Celeron D ,Xeon and Core Duo line of processors.

AMD has long copied Intel’s designs in that passed 32-bit era of computing (you are allowed to disagree, as usual :D).But, it seems history has its irony and Intel HAD TO adopt AMD’s x86-64 architecture, which was the name AMD gave to its 64-bit processors. Intel renamed this Intel64 and careful note is to be taken to the fact that Intel64 is a completely different architecture from IA-64 and all other implementations of x86-64. IA-64 is the architecture used for the Itanium series of processors from Intel.

Intel has lost the crown of having the fastest processor model since the introduction of AMD Athlon X2 series of processors. However, on July 27, 2006, Intel released its Core 2 Duo series of processors based on the Conroe core(covered on October 27th,click here), and reclaimed its crown and further establishing its lead when it released its Core 2 Quad series(covered on November 2nd,click here).

However, I have stated that I would be talking about Intel’s negligence, although that was a word used rashly above. What I am cribbing about is that Intel, on the Technical Specification sheet does not mention explicitly, the much wanted ’64-bit’ word .All the sheet says is that the Core 2 Duo supports the Intel Extended Memory 64 technology what it calls Intel EM64.

If it takes a person a reading in a online encyclopedia to determine whether a processor is 32-bit or not, and the company’s website says nothing, then should I presume that Intel’s tying to hide something from its customers? Especially that there are not many 64-bit applications around for common use? Any other reasons?



And ,as usual ,my fascination with codenames continues.
Here are some for trivia:
Conroe: The core with which the initial Core 2 series of processors came out.

Conroe XE: The core for Core 2 Extreme Edition.

Allendale: The cores which the present Core 2 processors had.

Kentsfield: Codename for Core 2 Quad.

Woodcrest: Codename for the server side version of Core 2, marketed as the well known Xeon.

Merom : The mobile version of Core 2.

Penryn: The successor to Merom (this will have a 45nm core.All others have 65nm cores)

Upcoming Intel Processor & Memory Technologies

Intel is presenting 15 technical papers at the International Solid State Circuits Conference (ISSCC) in San Francisco from Feb. 3 to 7, 2008. These technical papers touch on many aspects of solid state circuit technology. Take a look :

Processor Technology
- First details of Silverthorne, the low-power IA processor and Tukwila, the new quad-core Itanium® processor, the world’s first 2 billion transistor microprocessor

Wireless Technology
- Four papers on new wireless developments including the first 65nm CMOS Class E power amp

Memory Technology
- Four papers including the world’s first demonstrable multi-level cell (MLC) device using PCM technology

Tera-scale Technology
- Four papers including 2T gain cell DRAM built on 65nm CMOS technology with 2ns access time

Process Technology
- Re-publication of high-K metal gate CMOS technology paper from IEDM

Before the conference though, we had the opportunity to hear from Intel's Chief Technology Officer, Justin Rattner, and throw him some questions of our own. To get to the juicy details, just click on the links below!

Intel® Celeron® Processor

Intel® Celeron® Processor The new Intel® Celeron® processor delivers a balanced level of proven technology and exceptional value for desktop PCs. Based on a new energy-efficient microarchitecture, this Celeron processor enables smaller, quieter, and more capable desktop PCs.
Systems based on the Celeron processor are ideal for day-to-day computing, whether in the home, classroom, or office. The Execute Disable Bit¹, a built-in security feature, helps protect your programs and files from viruses, worms, and other malicious attacks. The Celeron processor also includes Intel® 64² architecture, so you can access larger amounts of memory when used with appropriate 64-bit supporting hardware and software. A faster Front Side Bus accelerates access between the processor core and your data for an enhanced computing experience.
When combined with an Intel® Express Chipset-based board, this platform provides a balanced entry level desktop PC. Enjoy integrated Intel® High Definition Audio (Intel® HD Audio) for exceptional audio quality, and Intel® Graphics Media Acceleration (Intel® GMA) which delivers a smooth visual experience. Enter the colorful world of e-learning and digital photography, or perform business activities like data entry, inventory management, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), and e-mail.
Intel® Celeron® Dual-Core Processor

Many software applications for everyday tasks are now designed for dual-core processors. With the Intel® Celeron® dual-core processor, you can now take basic computing to new levels; become more creative and productive in the home, office, or classroom.

In addition, security and virus protection often means running more than one application at a time, and the Celeron dual-core processor has the power to run them simultaneously. Based on energy-efficient microarchitecture, the Celeron dual-core processor delivers superior energy-efficient dual-core performance.

Features and benefits

Energy Efficiency
Intel® Intelligent Power Capability, a feature of the Intel Celeron dual-core processor, optimizes energy usage in the processor cores by turning computing functions on only when needed.
Better Acoustics
The acoustic benefit of temperature monitoring is that system fans spin only as fast as needed to cool the system, and slower spinning fans generate less noise.
Platform Support
The flexibility of platform options brings an array of new capabilities.

Intel® Pentium® Dual-Core Processor

Intel® Pentium® Dual-Core processor

Intel's newest addition to the Intel® Pentium® processor family with dual-core processor technology that delivers great desktop and mobile performance, low power enhancements, and multitasking for everyday computing.
Features and benefits
Overview
The Intel Pentium dual-core processor is the newest addition to the Intel Pentium processor family. This dual-core processor delivers high-value performance for multitasking.
Go beyond everyday computing
The Intel Pentium dual-core processor delivers enhanced performance for everyday computing needs such as listening to digital music and editing digital photography and improved responsiveness with office applications.
Smarter, more efficient designs
Intel® Smart Cache enables smarter, more efficient cache and bus design for enhanced performance, responsiveness and power savings.

Intel® Core™2 Duo Processors

Maximum everything. Energy-efficient performance. Multimedia power.
Intel® Core™2 Duo


Based on Intel® Core™ microarchitecture, the Intel® Core™2 Duo processor family is designed to provide powerful energy-efficient performance so you can do more at once without slowing down.

Intel® Core™ 2 Duo desktop processors

With Intel Core 2 Duo desktop processor, you'll experience revolutionary performance, unbelievable system responsiveness, and energy-efficiency second to none.

Big, big performance. More energy efficient.¹ Now available in smaller packages. The Intel Core 2 Duo processor-based desktop PC was designed from the ground up for energy efficiency, letting you enjoy higher performing, ultra-quiet, sleek, and low power desktop PC designs.

Multitask with reckless abandon. Do more at the same time, like playing your favorite music, running virus scan in the background, and all while you edit video or pictures. The powerful Intel Core 2 Duo desktop processor provides you with the speed you need to perform any and all tasks imaginable.

Love your PC again. Don’t settle for anything less than the very best. Find your perfect desktop powered by the Intel Core 2 Duo processor and get the best processing technology money can buy. Only from Intel.

  • • Up to 6MB L2 cache
  • • Up to 1333 MHz front side bus

Intel® Core™ 2 Duo mobile processors

At the dual-core heart of Intel® Centrino®2 processor technology, the Intel® Core™2 Duo processor family features a faster FSB (up to 1066 MHz), higher clock speeds, and enhanced microarchitecture technologies, helping to maximize Intel®Centrino®2 processor technology's dual-core performance and power savings.

  • • 6 MB of total L2 cache
  • • Up to 1066 MHz front side bus

Intel® Core™2 Quad Processors

Intel® Core™2 Quad processor

Introducing Intel® Core™2 Quad processor for notebook and desktop PCs, designed to handle massive compute and visualization workloads enabled by powerful multi-core technology. Optimized for the longest possible battery life without compromise to performance, Intel Core 2 Quad processors for notebooks allow you to stay unwired longer while running the most compute-intensive applications.

Providing all the bandwidth you need for next-generation highly-threaded applications, the latest four-core Intel Core 2 Quad processors are built on 45nm Intel® Core™ microarchitecture enabling faster, cooler, and quieter mobile and desktop PC and workstation experiences.

Plus, with optional Intel® vPro™ technology, you have the ability to remotely isolate, diagnose, and repair infected desktop and mobile workstations wirelessly and outside of the firewall, even if the PC is off, or the OS is unresponsive.

Product information


Features and Benefits

With four processing cores, up to 12MB of shared L2 cache,¹ and up to 1066 MHz Front Side Bus for notebooks, and up to 12MB of L2 cache² and up to 1333 MHz Front Side Bus for desktops, the Intel Core 2 Quad processor delivers amazing performance and power efficiency enabled by the all new hafnium-based circuitry of 45nm Intel Core microarchitecture.

Whether you're encoding, rendering, editing, or streaming HD multimedia in the office or on the go, power your most demanding applications with notebooks and desktops based on the Intel Core 2 Quad processor.

Plus, with these processors you get great Intel® technologies built in:

Intel® Wide Dynamic Execution, enabling delivery of more instructions per clock cycle to improve execution time and energy efficiency

Intel® Intelligent Power Capability, designed to deliver more energy-efficient performance

Intel® Virtualization Technology (Intel® VT), enabling greater security, manageability, and utilization

Dual Intel® Dynamic Acceleration technology, improving four-core performance by utilizing power headroom of idle cores by dynamically boosting frequency of active cores

Intel® Smart Memory Access, improving system performance by optimizing the use of the available data bandwidth

Larger Intel® Advanced Smart Cache optimized for multi-core processors, providing a higher-performance, more efficient cache subsystem

Intel® Advanced Digital Media Boost, accelerating a broad range of applications along with Intel® HD Boost utilizing new SSE4 instructions for even greater multimedia performance

Future ready, designed to perform in highly threaded programs with powerful Intel® multi-core technology

Intel® Core™2 Extreme Processor

Intel® Core™2 ExtremeExtreme exhilaration. Extreme enjoyment.
Whether it's gaming, digital photography, or video editing, today's high-impact entertainment demands breakthrough technology. Now with a new version based on Intel's cutting edge 45nm technology utilizing hafnium-infused circuitry to deliver even greater performance and power efficiency.

Intel® Core™2 Extreme quad-core processor
When more is better-with four processing cores the Intel Core 2 Extreme processor delivers unrivaled¹ performance for the latest, greatest generation of multi-threaded games and multimedia apps.

Now with a new version based on Intel's cutting edge 45nm technology utilizing hafnium-infused circuitry to deliver even greater performance and power efficiency. The Intel® Core™2 Extreme processor QX9770 running at 3.2 GHz delivers the best possible experience for today's most demanding users.

  • 12 MB of total L2 cache
  • 1600 MHz front side bus

Sony stalks new Intel mobile chips

Sony is set to refresh its notebook lineup with upcoming mobile chips from Intel. Specifications posted on some reseller sites and leaked in Sony documents show a major refresh potentially in the offing.

Sony Vaio laptop

Sony Vaio laptop

(Credit: Sony)

This may be good news for Advanced Micro Devices, too: its mobile graphics processors look to figure prominently in the new lineup.

A post on Laptoping says some model will come with 16.4-inch screens. Other models include ultraportables "featuring a 13.1-inch screen," Laptoping said. This series, as well as other Sony notebooks, will have a High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI).

One reseller lists a Sony Vaio VGN-FW198U/H laptop with a 2.53GHz Intel Core 2 Duo T9400 processor, 4GB of memory, a 320GB hard disk drive, and a Blu-Ray disc drive. A price of $2,149.99 is given.

The T9400 is not yet listed on Intel's processor pricing page, but logically slots in below the T9500 (2.6GHz) listed at $530.

This document posted on notebookreview.com shows a VGN-FW100 series image. One model (Vaio VGN-FW160E/H) posted on notebookreview.com is spec'd with a 2.26GHz Core 2 Duo P8400, 4GB of memory, a 250GB hard disk drive, and Blu-Ray Disc drive.

The P8400 is part of the P series of upcoming Intel processors that uses less power than current mainstream mobile processors.

The Vaio FW series is expected to pack AMD-ATI HD 3470 graphics as well as other graphics processors.

A consumer notebook line with 13.3-inch LED backlit LCD is also cited with an ATI Mobility Radeon HD 3470 graphics chip on various sites. Models listed here specify an Intel Core 2 Duo P8400.

Sony said it would not comment on speculation.

Laptop heralds Intel Centrino 2 mobile gaming

Germany-based Cizmo is offering an Intel Centrino 2-based gaming laptop that shows what's in store for mobile gamers this summer.

Intel's newest crop of Centrino 2 Montevina mobile processors are slated for a July 14 rollout and will include the Extreme X9100 processor: the first Penryn-class mobile processor to break the 3.0GHz barrier.

Cizmo CX1730M packs an Extreme X9100 mobile processor

Cizmo CX1730M packs an Extreme X9100 mobile processor

(Credit: Cizmo)

The Cizmo 17-inch CX1730M can be configured with an Intel X9100 Extreme processor running at 3.06GHz. A key feature of Intel X-class mobile processors is that they are designed to be overclocked.

The CX1730M can also take an Nvidia GeForce 8800M GTX graphics chip.

Memory based on the new DDR3 standard is also offered. DDR3 SDRAM can be hooked up to Intel's faster 1066MHz front-side bus. Currently, Intel's front-side bus--which carries data between the processor and other silicon--runs at 800MHz.

Other specifications for the CX1730M include Intel's newest PM45 chipset. Intel stated last month that initially only the PM chipset--for discrete (standalone) graphics chips--would be available. The GM version with Intel integrated graphics will arrive in August.

The specifications also list an Intel Turbo Memory Module. Turbo memory is a flash-memory-based technology that speeds system boot times and application loading, according to Intel. The Centrino 2 platform will offer second-generation Turbo memory technology: Robson 2.0.

Other processors listed by Cizmo include the Intel P8400, P8600, P9500, and T9600--all slated for release on July 14.